Background and Objective: Tissues that have been formed in the past and throughout a long process have been gradually weakened with the growth urbanization and urban development. On the other hand, the impacts of the immense growth of urban populations have led to a dispersed growth and the emergence of the marginalization phenomenon, having resulted in its own distinct problems. Yet, it is well-agree that the urban areas are the best option for urban development due to their existing infrastructure and urban amenities. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to locate these lands in the eroded urban fabrics of the Avini neighborhood by compiling the criteria and indices from theoretical texts and practical experiences to identify the lands susceptible to internal development. Method: In this regard, in order to reach a conceptual understanding and expert knowledge concerning the features of the lands susceptible to internal development, a questionnaire based on the theoretical framework was developed and completed by the urban planning experts on the one hand, the research method in this paper is, an F'ANP analytical method which is a combination of the functional analytical methods and the ANP; on the other hand, it is a secondary analysis of the location of the land susceptible to the development of an endogenous GIS. Findings: The findings of this study acknowledged that among all the factors affecting the identification of the lands susceptible to internal development in the Shahid Avini neighborhood, the performance criteria, and the accessibility and the related indicators attained the highest priority and prominence in locating these lands. Furthermore, a number of the parts related to the brownfields and the workshop located in the north and northeast areas of the neighborhood had a higher priority compared to the other parts to carry out the process of endogenous development with a weight between six and nine. Discussion and Conclusion: In line with the results of this study, among all the factors affecting the identification of the lands susceptible to internal development in Shahid Avini neighborhood, performance criteria and access and related indicators have the highest priority and importance in locating these lands. In addition, parts with barren use and production-workshop located in the northern and northeastern parts of the neighborhood, with a spatial weight between six to nine, have a higher priority than other parts to perform the process of internal development.

This study explores the impact of innate symbols on cinema audiences, analyzing viewer responses based on Shahid Morteza Avini’s theory of Innate Symbolism. Avini’s approach to symbolism in art suggests that certain symbols resonate deeply with human nature due to their connection to intrinsic human disposition and divine nature. These symbols possess a unique capacity to convey profound spiritual truths, making them universally understandable across different cultures and times. This research aims to assess how such symbols influence audiences and communicate spiritual ideals through cinematic works.Background and Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in Avini’s Innate Symbolism theory, which underscores the spiritual power of symbols closely aligned with humanity’s divine essence. Avini’s theory differs from Western approaches, which often emphasize constructed meanings; he argues that innate symbols tap into humanity’s natural disposition toward the divine (fitrah), making them universally relevant. This universal appeal allows innate symbols to evoke moral truths, inspiring audiences to reflect on fundamental human values such as courage, humility, and sacrifice. Objectives and Methodology: The research seeks to assess how innate symbols in cinema influence audiences and communicate ethical ideals central to Avini’s philosophy, with particular emphasis on the Perfect Human ideal. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study focuses on three films by Iranian director Ebrahim Hatamikia—The Bodyguard, Che, and Damascus Time—which prominently feature themes aligned with Avini’s ideals. These films were selected due to their use of symbolism to illustrate universal virtues and their narratives that deeply resonate with Avini’s spiritual and ethical principles. Data were gathered through a combination of semi-structured interviews and surveys administered to diverse audience samples. The selected respondents viewed the films in controlled settings, allowing for focused analysis of their reactions and interpretations. By investigating how audiences interpret and respond to symbols such as self-sacrifice, bravery, and devotion within these films, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of innate symbols in conveying Avini’s ideal of the Perfect Human. Respondents were asked to reflect on the character traits, moral dilemmas, and symbolic representations presented, which allowed for a nuanced examination of how these elements influence audience perceptions of virtue and spiritual elevation.Findings: The findings reveal a significant alignment between the symbols recognized by the audience and the symbolic intentions embedded by the filmmakers. Viewers consistently identified core themes such as self-sacrifice, courage, spiritual devotion, and moral integrity as defining characteristics of the Perfect Human, corresponding closely with Avini’s portrayal of a spiritually anchored individual. These themes were not only recognized but often emotionally and morally internalized, indicating a deep resonance that transcended personal or cultural variation.Self-sacrifice, portrayed repeatedly across the films, was widely interpreted as a manifestation of moral commitment to a higher cause—whether national, religious, or spiritual. Audiences perceived these acts as expressions of transcendent purpose, elevating the characters beyond mere heroism to spiritual exemplarity. Courage was viewed not merely as physical bravery but as moral resilience, involving a steadfast commitment to truth and justice in the face of adversity. Such portrayals echoed Avini’s view that courage, when rooted in faith, becomes a divine attribute rather than a personal trait.Spiritual devotion emerged as a particularly potent symbol, with viewers describing characters’ inner struggles and faith-driven decisions as deeply moving and spiritually authentic. This reaction confirms Avini’s assertion that symbols of devotion activate a shared spiritual longing present across humanity. Likewise, humility was interpreted as an essential virtue, especially when represented through characters who avoided self-glorification, reflecting purity of intention and moral sincerity. These symbols functioned not as abstract ideals but as narrative forces that prompted viewers to reflect on their own moral choices and aspirations, generating deep introspection and ethical engagement.Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this research support Avini’s theory that innate symbols possess a unique power to convey spiritual and ethical values across cultural and individual boundaries. By focusing on symbols that are embedded within the structure of human nature, filmmakers can inspire audiences to connect with universal ideals and explore their capacity for moral and spiritual growth. The analysis of audience responses to Hatamikia’s films suggests that symbols such as self-sacrifice, humility, spiritual devotion, and moral courage are not only recognizable but deeply impactful, evoking a shared moral consciousness among viewers.This study thus underscores the potential of cinema as a transformative medium, one capable of transmitting Avini’s concept of the Perfect Human and fostering a unified moral imagination. It highlights how symbolic storytelling, when aligned with fitrah, can become a form of ethical pedagogy and spiritual engagement. Ultimately, this research affirms the enduring relevance of Avini’s theory of Innate Symbolism, offering valuable insights into the role of film in cultivating a deeper connection to transcendent truths and universal human values.

Kamran Avini, Seyyed Morteza Avini: The Master Martyr of Penmen (Seyed Shahidan Ahl Qalam) This passage depicts the personal journey of an individual who transformed alongside the external world, embracing each change to its fullest extent. Avini's three distinct phases in life, each manifested through his writings and visual productions, left a profound impact, shaping or reflecting a segment of Iran's contemporary socio-political and cultural landscape. This article aims to shed light on the conflicts that such individuals carry within themselves by examining Avini's three distinct phases of life and their interwoven nature. It is important to note that these conflicts are not merely personal but rather reflect the collective experience of our society. We strive to perceive Avini not through the prevailing official lens nor through a hostile, context-detached perspective, but rather in a phenomenological manner with empathetic detachment. The construction of the Avini subject and the process that led to its formation, the historical emergence of the subject, and the manifestation of the conceptual/practical function in social life are all aspects that phenomenological analysis transforms from an "in-itself" to a "for-itself, " setting aside the atomized and unconnected approach and highlighting the fundamental role of the relationship between elements within a system in the "discovery" of who the subjects are. However, what makes Avini's case particularly intriguing is his subjectness after his absence. This entails understanding the mechanism that elevated him to a position in his posthumous existence that he did not occupy during his lifetime. We can inquire into the mechanism that governs the political sovereignty of subjects, both living and dead, and maintains them under its authority. And if we take a step further, can we, through an examination of Avini's life and works, formulate the process of his transformation from an individual into the subject of revolutionary art?

The purpose of this research is to study the social capital of housewives living in an informal residence (Shahid Ghorbani neighborhood located in the District 4 of Mashhad). The survey population consisted of housewives living in this neighborhood of which 300 were selected as the research sample using cluster sampling method. Cognitive and structural dimensions of social capital were measured. The cognitive dimension includes interpersonal trust or trust in familiar individuals, social or generalized trust that is trusting strangers, and finally civil trust or trusting public organizations and agencies. The structural dimension involves women's formal and informal participation and their social relationship network (frequency, mode, and intensity). The results suggest that the status of women's trust in the three types of interpersonal, generalized and institutional trust is not considerable. Comparison participation in public and private spheres suggests that more than two thirds of women significantly participate in the public realm, while the majority of respondents have experienced private participation to a small extent. Women suffer a weak social relationship network and, respectively, interpersonal trust and informal participation are the most important variables explaining the women's social relations.

The main issue of this research is the methodological re-reading of the successful models of social studies of religion among Shia scholars, for achieving theoretical pattern and an alternative methodological model. This type of secondary research can expand the discourse of Islamic humanities and the alternative models of Western religion social studies. For this purpose, the collection of "Narration of Fatah" texts, the writings of Avini about the holy defense, were studied as a successful example in understanding religious social phenomena. Qualitative method of grounded theory was used to extract the theoretical model of Avini's method. The results of the research indicate that the final model was formed around the axial category of "presence"."Presence" as the axial element of Avini's methodology has three dimensions: experimental and field presence, social and historical presence, and spiritual presence. The element of "love and belief" is the background and introduction of presence, and the element of "sameness" is its result. sameness and being privy, which is the result of negating the veil of selfishness, results in watching, finding secrets, revealing reality in the mirror of the researcher's soul, and realizing the "truth" of the phenomenon under study. After that, the element of "narrative" is placed, which is a method for "fetri" innate transtemporal and trans-spatial and documentary expression of research results to the absents and alignezation them with the truth. This methodological model of Avini can be called " illuminational Truthism” and the research resulting from this method can be called "Illuminational Social Science".

The main issue of this research is the methodological re-reading of the successful models of social studies of religion among Shia scholars, for achieving theoretical pattern and an alternative methodological model. This type of secondary research can expand the discourse of Islamic humanities and the alternative models of Western religion social studies. For this purpose, the collection of "Narration of Fatah" texts, the writings of Avini about the holy defense, were studied as a successful example in understanding religious social phenomena. Qualitative method of grounded theory was used to extract the theoretical model of Avini's method. The results of the research indicate that the final model was formed around the axial category of "presence"."Presence" as the axial element of Avini's methodology has three dimensions: experimental and field presence, social and historical presence, and spiritual presence. The element of "love and belief" is the background and introduction of presence, and the element of "sameness" is its result. sameness and being privy, which is the result of negating the veil of selfishness, results in watching, finding secrets, revealing reality in the mirror of the researcher's soul, and realizing the "truth" of the phenomenon under study. After that, the element of "narrative" is placed, which is a method for "fetri" innate transtemporal and trans-spatial and documentary expression of research results to the absents and alignezation them with the truth. This methodological model of Avini can be called " illuminational Truthism” and the research resulting from this method can be called "Illuminational Social Science".

The staggering development of technology and industry and fading of spirituality in the human life in recent decades have led to more attention to metaphysics and search of meaning for life whose consequences have been manifested the most in cinema. In Iran, paying attention to spiritual and holy affairs increased during the imposed war. Meanwhile, Morteza Avini was one of those who tried to propose a new type of cinema which matches the spiritual aspects of Holy Defence. Thus, instead of using traditional method of narrative, he applied new methods based on intuition and illumination and used the name intuitive cinema for it. The gradual prominence of spirituality in cinematic works caused new cinematic genres like religious, conceptual, metaphysical and transcendental to be born in the arena of Iranian cinema.Accordingly, the main issue of this research is a comparative study of intuitive and conceptual cinema. Thus, first, the notion of intuitive cinema has been explored with regard to Avini ideas. Then, different definitions and views about conceptual cinema and similar genres have been proposed and its features have been investigated by providing several examples. Finally, the two cinematic genres were compared.This study applies analytical-library method as well as documentary investigation and comparative analysis. The results of this study show that the production of conceptual cinema and definitions of intuitive cinema, though having fundamental difference in their attitude towards spirituality, are similar in some issues such as positive and benevolent attitude towards the world and also reminding the existence of God to the audience.

Mysticism, as a profound spiritual school and a key movement within Iranian culture, has played a significant role in the political and social developments of Iran. The Islamic Revolution was not merely a political upheaval but a spiritual awakening and an inner transformation in which mystical and philosophical dimensions were manifested. Understanding the relationship between mysticism and the Islamic Revolution enables a more comprehensive grasp of the Revolution’s various dimensions and its impact on the Shia community and Iranian society. Seyyed Morteza Avini, as one of the intellectual elites of this period, addressed this phenomenon from a deep mystical perspective. This article examines Avini’s approach to the Revolution through the lens of mysticism and religiosity, showing how this framework enriches our understanding of the Revolution and its message. The theoretical foundation of the study is rooted in mystical thought. Avini considered the Revolution a manifestation of divine love and a quest for truth, wherein people returned to their essence and sought to realize divine values. The study employs an analytical-descriptive method, drawing on three of Avini’s works—A Beginning at an End, Snails Without a Home, and Governance of the Wise. Through textual interpretation, this research identifies connections between mystical ideas and the Revolution. The findings reveal that Avini’s mystical approach not only distinguishes the Islamic Revolution from other global revolutions but also emphasizes inner transformation, monotheism, the interplay between love and reason, and divine encounter. For Avini, the Revolution transcends political change, constituting a spiritual journey and mystical ascent. He outlines stages of mystical ascent in politics—self-awareness, migration, struggle, and guardianship—suggesting that the Revolution is an opportunity for returning to one’s essence and achieving a deeper understanding of life’s meaning and purpose.

A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the physical quality factor of housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that physical dimensions, such as the physical crystallization of housing, are the most objective and material issues in housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of access to urban services on the quality of housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining housing quality and are an integral part of housing planning. Access to urban housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for housing evaluation. The second factor is access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the physical condition of housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

In the field of culture, media and art, expressing spiritual and intangible concepts is more common than expressing material and tangible concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to invent effective cultural and artistic strategies in order to convey the message to the audience by the producer and director. In the national media, religion-centered programs to discuss the Islamic worldview are more exposed to this issue, and it is necessary that they communicate spiritual and non-material concepts to the audience properly and effectively. Therefore, applying the formats and structures that help program creators in this regard is necessary. This research aims to investigate the application of the luminous model and the natural symbol of martyr Avini in the religious media. In this research, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. The data collection method is library and is based on comparative data analysis and watching the programs or productions of this field. The case study of this research is the analysis of the television program "Life After Life", a special program of IRIB’s TV4 for Iftar, which was broadcast from 2020 to 2024. By selecting random samples of programs from this collection, its form and content have been analyzed to determine how much of their elements are based on the approach of luminous art and natural symbols. Based on the results, the components in the luminous art category of martyr Avini, which are mostly used in cinema, can be dealt with and used in religious programs of the IRIB. The use of natural symbol-based elements in the artistic and theatrical aspect of programs can be efficient and effective in conveying spiritual concepts in an internal and hidden way to the audience